Arhitektura Slovenije / Architekture of Slovenia
Zbirka Arhitektura Slovenije je načrtovana v obsegu petih delov z delovnimi naslovi: 1. Alpski del; 2. Panonski del; 3. Osrednja Slovenija; 4. Južna hribovja; 5. Kraško - mediteranski del Slovenije.
» Alpski del
» Severovzhod
» Osrednji pas
» Južna hribovja
Vernakularna arhitektura ni tista za kralje, za mrtve ali za bogove, pač pa za vsakodnevno življenje in delo malega človeka. Vernakularna arhitektura ni plod šolanih ljudi: zamislili so si jo, jo izvedli in jo uporabljajo tisti, ki so znanje dobili od prednikov kot dediščino, s kulturo. Njihova naloga pa je, da to znanje, oplemeniteno z izkušnjami, nadaljujejo in razvijajo v obliki kulture. Vernakularna arhitektura je neponovljiva: danes še obstaja, nova ne nastaja več.
Značilnosti slovenske vernakularne arhitekture sledijo predvsem oblikovanju narave: od ostrin kraške pokrajine do ravnin panonskega sveta, od visokih Alp do mehkih, zelenih gričev Dolenjske in Bele krajine. Arhitektura Slovenije odraža obilico gozdov, ki jih imamo, torej je pretežno lesena, pa tudi kamnita in iz gline. Enotne slovenske značilne hiše ni.
Vernakularna arhitektura alpskega dela Slovenije pokriva dobršen del gorate Slovenije: Julijske Alpe, Karavanke, Kamniške in Savinjske Alpe, vse do Pohorja (Centralne Alpe). V uvodnem delu prinaša teoretična izhodišča od teorije do prakse, osnove vernakularne arhitekture in poenostavljen opis objektov, ki to arhitekturo predstavljajo.
Drugi del prinaša grafično gradivo o objektih samih: kratek opis in nekaj primerov na fotografijah (celote, pa tudi nekaj značilnih detajlov).
Objekti, predstavljeni v tem delu, so: domačija kot sklop bivalne hiše z gospodarskimi objekti; bivalna hiša; bivalna hiša z gospodarskim delom; skedenj, kot kombiniran objekt kmetskega gospodarstva; hlev, kot objekt za bivanje živali; kozolec, kot edina etnična arhitektura, objekt za spravilo in za sušenje; senik, kot objekt za spravilo sena daleč od doma; sušilnica, kot objekt za sušenje, predvsem z ognjem; kašča, kot zgradba za spravilo hrane; staja, kot občasni objekt daleč od domače hiše, za človeka in za živino. Vsaka slika je opremljena z opisom lokacije, da lahko objekt tudi najdemo.
Na koncu je slovarček, kot ga razume arhitekt in seznam virov, ki so za tematiko najpomembnejši.
Besedilo publikacije je v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku.
Več informacij »
Predgovor
Uvod
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 1
Objekti, predstavitve, Alpski del
Sloverček
Kratki angleški slovarček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 1
...
Plastnice - vzporednost: V ravninah so zgradbe postavljene praviloma ob prometnicah, v navezavi z vodotoki, na smeri neba in tako, da odpirajo možnost formiranja funkcionalnega dvorišča. Pri tem vzporednost in pravokotnost na te elemente ne igrata posebne vloge: nastopata oba primera, z rahlo prednostjo v vzporedni postavitvi.
Kadar nastopa sklop bivalne hiše in gospodarskega poslopja, sta praviloma postavljena pravokotno drug na drugega. Pri temje bivalna hiša največkrat vzporedna, gospodarski del pa pravokoten na plastnice, karomogočavečjo izkoriščenost ravni (dostopi).
...
Več informacij »
Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 2
Objekti, predstavitve, Severovzhod
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 2
...
Butanje: Poenostavljanje dela je butanje, kjer ilovico kot sestav gline s peskom in z vodo stresamo med dva lesena opaža in potem to zbijamo, butamo. Pri tem je pomembno stiskanje materiala, da iztisnemo ves zrak in prazna 'gnezda', ki manjšajo nosilnost konstrukcije.
Butanje: a/ mešanje izbrane ilovice in slame; b, c/ postavljanje opaža; d/ phanje ilovice v opaž; e/ stiskanje, butanje; f/končanzid.
Tudi pri butanju potrebujemo armiranje, učvrščevanje. Najbolj običajen material za to je slama, vse od štirih do petnajstih centimetrov. Daljšanesmebiti zaradimorebitnega prenosa vlage. Ilovnata stena ni posebno trdna in nima posebno dolge življenjske dobe. Tako prvi kot drugi problem rešujemo z rednim vzdrževanjem. Majhne razpoke je možno zamazati z glino. Medtem ko je gradnja moško delo, je vzdrževanje (in s tem 'zamazovanje', predvsem z roko) delo in skrb gospodinje, je torej žensko delo.
...
Več informacij »
Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
Objekti, predstavitve, Osrednji pas
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
...
Tretji del, AS3 obsega dobršen del osrednje Slovenije, horizontalni pas od zahoda proti vzhodu, katere značilnosti se razlikujejo tako od severa kot od juga.
Uvodni, teoretski del prinaša pomembno poglavje o bistvu zgradbe: o njeni vsebini. Gre za organizacijo življenja in dela, konstrukcije in delovanja. To je tloris.
Teoretično se začne s centrom in nadaljuje s krogom, s krožnim dodajanjem elementov, ki omogočajo delovanje. Praktično je center ogenj. Ta je predstavljen na zahodu kot odprto ognjišče, v pretežnem delu Slovenije pa je ujet v lončeno peč, okrog katere se vrti življenje v 'hiši', kot pravimo Slovenci osrednjemu bivalnemu prostoru hiše. A najpomembnejši element je pravzaprav kuhinja, ki se razvije okrog zunanjega vhoda v peč, kar omogoči čist osrednji prostor, brez dima, a topel in prijeten, tako za bivanje, delo in za spanje. Dodajanje prostorov je le še vprašanje časa in seveda potreb.
Druga polovica knjige predstavlja različice značilne arhitekture po objektih: od bivalne hiše lastnika in prevžitkarja do hleva, poda, kašče, sušilnice, kozolca, mlina in žage, vse do preže in klopotca.
Nekateri detajli so narisani, pretežni del knjige pa so fotografije. Te so opremljene z GPS podatki v sistemu WGS 84, z metrsko mrežo, ob vsakem objektu pa je tudi omenjen kraj, kjer se nahaja.
...
Več informacij »
Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
Objekti, predstavitve, Južna hribovja
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 4
...
Že četrtič - in še enkrat bom, v peti knjigi - ponovil definicijo vernakularne arhitekture in besedo 'vernakularna'.
Paul Oliver, profesor v Oxfordu, vodilni strokovnjak za to zvrst, je v knjigi, ki mi jo je podaril v Ljubljani, napisal: (this architecture) 'was so little known we don't even have a word for it' (Oliver 2003: 11). Ta arhitektura je bila tako malo poznana, da nimamo niti besede zanjo.
Vernakularni arhitekturi so nekdaj rekli 'ljudska'. Pa se izkaže, da ni vedno ne 'od' ljudstva in ne vedno 'za' ljudstvo. Rekli so ji 'vaška', pa 'podeželska, ruralna', a včasih imajo vasi več urbanega, mestnega kot kakšna mesta. Rekli so ji 'domorodska', celo 'plemenska', a v Evropi že dolgo ni več domorodcev in ne plemen. Te besede nosijo pridih slabšalnosti, podcenjevanja, predvsem danes.
Tako je 'vernakularna arhitektura' pač še najboljši izraz.
Spodnji del lesenih delov, posebej pri strehi in pri oblogah, je najbolj obremenjen zaradi iztekanja vode, ki se nabira in od tam odteka, kaplja. Ta del je najbolj problematičen - zaradi sušenja in namakanja gnije. Življenjska doba vsega elementa je torej odvisna od tega, najbolj obremenjenega dela. ...
Več informacij »
» Alpski del
» Severovzhod
» Osrednji pas
» Južna hribovja
Vernakularna arhitektura ni tista za kralje, za mrtve ali za bogove, pač pa za vsakodnevno življenje in delo malega človeka. Vernakularna arhitektura ni plod šolanih ljudi: zamislili so si jo, jo izvedli in jo uporabljajo tisti, ki so znanje dobili od prednikov kot dediščino, s kulturo. Njihova naloga pa je, da to znanje, oplemeniteno z izkušnjami, nadaljujejo in razvijajo v obliki kulture. Vernakularna arhitektura je neponovljiva: danes še obstaja, nova ne nastaja več.
Značilnosti slovenske vernakularne arhitekture sledijo predvsem oblikovanju narave: od ostrin kraške pokrajine do ravnin panonskega sveta, od visokih Alp do mehkih, zelenih gričev Dolenjske in Bele krajine. Arhitektura Slovenije odraža obilico gozdov, ki jih imamo, torej je pretežno lesena, pa tudi kamnita in iz gline. Enotne slovenske značilne hiše ni.
Vernakularna arhitektura alpskega dela Slovenije pokriva dobršen del gorate Slovenije: Julijske Alpe, Karavanke, Kamniške in Savinjske Alpe, vse do Pohorja (Centralne Alpe). V uvodnem delu prinaša teoretična izhodišča od teorije do prakse, osnove vernakularne arhitekture in poenostavljen opis objektov, ki to arhitekturo predstavljajo.
Drugi del prinaša grafično gradivo o objektih samih: kratek opis in nekaj primerov na fotografijah (celote, pa tudi nekaj značilnih detajlov).
Objekti, predstavljeni v tem delu, so: domačija kot sklop bivalne hiše z gospodarskimi objekti; bivalna hiša; bivalna hiša z gospodarskim delom; skedenj, kot kombiniran objekt kmetskega gospodarstva; hlev, kot objekt za bivanje živali; kozolec, kot edina etnična arhitektura, objekt za spravilo in za sušenje; senik, kot objekt za spravilo sena daleč od doma; sušilnica, kot objekt za sušenje, predvsem z ognjem; kašča, kot zgradba za spravilo hrane; staja, kot občasni objekt daleč od domače hiše, za človeka in za živino. Vsaka slika je opremljena z opisom lokacije, da lahko objekt tudi najdemo.
Na koncu je slovarček, kot ga razume arhitekt in seznam virov, ki so za tematiko najpomembnejši.
Besedilo publikacije je v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku.
Več informacij »
Alpski del
VSEBINA:Predgovor
Uvod
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 1
Objekti, predstavitve, Alpski del
Sloverček
Kratki angleški slovarček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 1
...
Plastnice - vzporednost: V ravninah so zgradbe postavljene praviloma ob prometnicah, v navezavi z vodotoki, na smeri neba in tako, da odpirajo možnost formiranja funkcionalnega dvorišča. Pri tem vzporednost in pravokotnost na te elemente ne igrata posebne vloge: nastopata oba primera, z rahlo prednostjo v vzporedni postavitvi.
Kadar nastopa sklop bivalne hiše in gospodarskega poslopja, sta praviloma postavljena pravokotno drug na drugega. Pri temje bivalna hiša največkrat vzporedna, gospodarski del pa pravokoten na plastnice, karomogočavečjo izkoriščenost ravni (dostopi).
...
Več informacij »
Severovzhod
VSEBINA:Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 2
Objekti, predstavitve, Severovzhod
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 2
...
Butanje: Poenostavljanje dela je butanje, kjer ilovico kot sestav gline s peskom in z vodo stresamo med dva lesena opaža in potem to zbijamo, butamo. Pri tem je pomembno stiskanje materiala, da iztisnemo ves zrak in prazna 'gnezda', ki manjšajo nosilnost konstrukcije.
Butanje: a/ mešanje izbrane ilovice in slame; b, c/ postavljanje opaža; d/ phanje ilovice v opaž; e/ stiskanje, butanje; f/končanzid.
Tudi pri butanju potrebujemo armiranje, učvrščevanje. Najbolj običajen material za to je slama, vse od štirih do petnajstih centimetrov. Daljšanesmebiti zaradimorebitnega prenosa vlage. Ilovnata stena ni posebno trdna in nima posebno dolge življenjske dobe. Tako prvi kot drugi problem rešujemo z rednim vzdrževanjem. Majhne razpoke je možno zamazati z glino. Medtem ko je gradnja moško delo, je vzdrževanje (in s tem 'zamazovanje', predvsem z roko) delo in skrb gospodinje, je torej žensko delo.
...
Več informacij »
Osrednji pas
VSEBINA:Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
Objekti, predstavitve, Osrednji pas
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
...
Tretji del, AS3 obsega dobršen del osrednje Slovenije, horizontalni pas od zahoda proti vzhodu, katere značilnosti se razlikujejo tako od severa kot od juga.
Uvodni, teoretski del prinaša pomembno poglavje o bistvu zgradbe: o njeni vsebini. Gre za organizacijo življenja in dela, konstrukcije in delovanja. To je tloris.
Teoretično se začne s centrom in nadaljuje s krogom, s krožnim dodajanjem elementov, ki omogočajo delovanje. Praktično je center ogenj. Ta je predstavljen na zahodu kot odprto ognjišče, v pretežnem delu Slovenije pa je ujet v lončeno peč, okrog katere se vrti življenje v 'hiši', kot pravimo Slovenci osrednjemu bivalnemu prostoru hiše. A najpomembnejši element je pravzaprav kuhinja, ki se razvije okrog zunanjega vhoda v peč, kar omogoči čist osrednji prostor, brez dima, a topel in prijeten, tako za bivanje, delo in za spanje. Dodajanje prostorov je le še vprašanje časa in seveda potreb.
Druga polovica knjige predstavlja različice značilne arhitekture po objektih: od bivalne hiše lastnika in prevžitkarja do hleva, poda, kašče, sušilnice, kozolca, mlina in žage, vse do preže in klopotca.
Nekateri detajli so narisani, pretežni del knjige pa so fotografije. Te so opremljene z GPS podatki v sistemu WGS 84, z metrsko mrežo, ob vsakem objektu pa je tudi omenjen kraj, kjer se nahaja.
...
Več informacij »
Južna hribovja
VSEBINA:Predgovor
Pregledna karta
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 3
Objekti, predstavitve, Južna hribovja
Sloverček
Index
Viri
Izvleček
Vernakularna arhitektura, Teorija 4
...
Že četrtič - in še enkrat bom, v peti knjigi - ponovil definicijo vernakularne arhitekture in besedo 'vernakularna'.
Paul Oliver, profesor v Oxfordu, vodilni strokovnjak za to zvrst, je v knjigi, ki mi jo je podaril v Ljubljani, napisal: (this architecture) 'was so little known we don't even have a word for it' (Oliver 2003: 11). Ta arhitektura je bila tako malo poznana, da nimamo niti besede zanjo.
Vernakularni arhitekturi so nekdaj rekli 'ljudska'. Pa se izkaže, da ni vedno ne 'od' ljudstva in ne vedno 'za' ljudstvo. Rekli so ji 'vaška', pa 'podeželska, ruralna', a včasih imajo vasi več urbanega, mestnega kot kakšna mesta. Rekli so ji 'domorodska', celo 'plemenska', a v Evropi že dolgo ni več domorodcev in ne plemen. Te besede nosijo pridih slabšalnosti, podcenjevanja, predvsem danes.
Tako je 'vernakularna arhitektura' pač še najboljši izraz.
Spodnji del lesenih delov, posebej pri strehi in pri oblogah, je najbolj obremenjen zaradi iztekanja vode, ki se nabira in od tam odteka, kaplja. Ta del je najbolj problematičen - zaradi sušenja in namakanja gnije. Življenjska doba vsega elementa je torej odvisna od tega, najbolj obremenjenega dela. ...
Več informacij »
The series Vernacular Architecture of Slovenia is planned in five parts, with the working titles: 1. Alpine; 2. North-Eastern part; 3. Central Slovenia; 4. Southern Hills; 5. Karst – Mediterranean Slovenia.
» Alpine part
» Northeast
» Central part
» Southern hills
Architecture is the design of space. According to Vitruvius, the constituent parts are construction, function and aesthetics. Vernacular architecture is not for kings, for the dead or for the gods, but for the daily life and work of little people. Vernacular architecture is not the fruit of trained persons: it is conceived, built and used by those who have gained their knowledge from their forebears, as their heritage, culture. Their task is to perpetuate this knowledge, enriched with experience, to continue and develop it in the form of culture. Vernacular architecture is unrepeatable: it still exists today, but is no longer being created anew. Architecture today is the product of experts, architects and others. Good architecture today is better if it respects and exhibits the culture of our forebears, which is still preserved today. Not in detail, not in materials, but in conception.
The vernacular architecture of Alpine Slovenia covers a part of the mountains of Slovenia: the Julian Alps, Karavanke, Kamnik and Savinja Alps, as far as Pohorje (Central Alps). The introduction presents some theoretical starting points, from theory to practice, the elements of vernacular architecture and a simplified description of objects that represent this architecture.
Section two provides graphic material about the objects themselves: a short description and some examples in photographs (as a whole and some typical details).
The objects presented in this part are: farmstead - a complex of farmhouse and ancillary buildings; farmhouse; farmhouse with ancillary buildings attached; barn, a combination farm building; stockshed, a structure for keeping animals; kozolec, an uniquely Slovene element of vernacular architecture, a rack or combination of racks for drying and storing produce, today usually hay; hay barn, an object for storing hay far from home; drying house, a facility for drying, usually using heat from a fire; granary, a building for storing food; staja a temporary facility at a distance from the farm, used by both the herdsman and animals. Each picture is accompanied by a description of the location, in order to be able to find the objects.
At the end is a glossary (short version in English), as understood by an architect, and a list of the most important sources on this theme.
More informations »
Alpine part
CONTENTS:
Preface
Introduction
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 1
Object, presentation, Alpine Part
Glossary (Slovene)
Short Glossary (English)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 1
...
Contours - parallelism: Buildings on plains are generally located beside traffic routes, bound to water, oriented to the sun or so that they provide the possibility of forming a functional courtyard. Parallelism and rectangularism do not play a special role in these elements: both types appear,withaslight prevalenceofparallel positioning.
When a complex of residential house and outbuildings occurs, they are normally set at right angles to each other: the residential house is usually parallel and the outbuildings at right angles to the contour, which enablesgreateruseof different levels (accesses).
...
More informations »
Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 2
Object, presentation, Alpine Part
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 2
...
Ramming:Ramming simplifies work, where the clay mixed sand and with water is poured between wooden boards, which are held together and the clay rammed.Compressing the material is important here, in order to squeeze out all the air and empty the 'nests', which reduce the bearing capacity of the construction.
Ramming: a/ mixing the chosen clay and straw b, c/ erecting the pannelling d/ pouring the clay into the pannelling e/ compressing, ramming:f/ completedwall.
Reinforcement is also needed with ramming. The commonest material for this is straw: anything fromfour to fifteen centimetres long. Itmaynot belongerbecauseof potential transmissionofmoisture. A clay wall is not particularly hard and does not have a particularly long lifespan: both problems are solved by regular maintenance: small cracks can be coated with clay. While construction is man's work, maintenance(andthus 'coating' mainlybyhand)work is in the care of the housewife,and thuswoman'swork.
...
More informations »
Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
Object, presentation, Central part
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
...
Part 3, AS3 covers a good part of central Slovenia, a horizontal belt from the west towards the east, the characteristics of which differ from both north and south.
The introductory, theoretical part provides an important chapter on the essence of building: its content. This is the organisation of life and work, construction and functioning. This is the ground plan.
Theoretically, it starts with the centre and continues with a circle, with the circular addition of elements that enable functioning. In practical terms, the centre is the fire. In the west this is an open hearth but in most of Slovenia it is enclosed in a earthenware stove, around which life revolves in the 'house' as Slovenes call the central living room of a house. The most important element, though, is actually the kitchen, which developed around the external access to the stove, which allows a clean central space, without smoke, but pleasant and warm, for living, work and for sleeping. The addition of further rooms was only a matter of time and, of course, need.
The second half of the book presents variants of typical architecture by objects: from the dwellings of the owner and those of dependents through stock houses, threshing floors, granaries, drying houses, kozolci, mills and sawmills, to hunting towers and wind rattles.
Some details are sketched, but the major part of the book consists of photographs. These have GPS data attached, in the WGS 84 system, with a metre net, and the name of the location of each object is also mentioned.
...
More informations »
Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
Object, presentation, Southern hills
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
...
For the fourth time – and I will again in the fifth book – I repeat the definition of vernacular architecture and the word 'vernacular'. Paul Oliver, an Oxford professor, the leading expert for this type of architecture, wrote in a book that he gave me in Ljubljana: (this architecture) 'was so little known we don't even have a word for it' (Oliver 2003: 11).
Vernacular architecture used to be called 'folk'. It was then shown, though, that it is not always 'of' folk and not always 'for' folk. It was called 'village' and 'rural' but villages sometimes have more of the 'urban' than some towns. It has been called 'native', even 'tribal', but there have long been neither natives nor tribes in Europe. These words have a hint of belittlement, diminution, above all today.
So 'vernacular architecture' is still the best expression.
The lower part of wooden parts – especially roofs and claddings – is most burdened because of the flow off of water, which collects and drips off.
This part is most problematic – because of drying and soaking it rots. The lifespan of each element thus depends on this, the most burdened part.
...
More informations »
» Alpine part
» Northeast
» Central part
» Southern hills
Architecture is the design of space. According to Vitruvius, the constituent parts are construction, function and aesthetics. Vernacular architecture is not for kings, for the dead or for the gods, but for the daily life and work of little people. Vernacular architecture is not the fruit of trained persons: it is conceived, built and used by those who have gained their knowledge from their forebears, as their heritage, culture. Their task is to perpetuate this knowledge, enriched with experience, to continue and develop it in the form of culture. Vernacular architecture is unrepeatable: it still exists today, but is no longer being created anew. Architecture today is the product of experts, architects and others. Good architecture today is better if it respects and exhibits the culture of our forebears, which is still preserved today. Not in detail, not in materials, but in conception.
The vernacular architecture of Alpine Slovenia covers a part of the mountains of Slovenia: the Julian Alps, Karavanke, Kamnik and Savinja Alps, as far as Pohorje (Central Alps). The introduction presents some theoretical starting points, from theory to practice, the elements of vernacular architecture and a simplified description of objects that represent this architecture.
Section two provides graphic material about the objects themselves: a short description and some examples in photographs (as a whole and some typical details).
The objects presented in this part are: farmstead - a complex of farmhouse and ancillary buildings; farmhouse; farmhouse with ancillary buildings attached; barn, a combination farm building; stockshed, a structure for keeping animals; kozolec, an uniquely Slovene element of vernacular architecture, a rack or combination of racks for drying and storing produce, today usually hay; hay barn, an object for storing hay far from home; drying house, a facility for drying, usually using heat from a fire; granary, a building for storing food; staja a temporary facility at a distance from the farm, used by both the herdsman and animals. Each picture is accompanied by a description of the location, in order to be able to find the objects.
At the end is a glossary (short version in English), as understood by an architect, and a list of the most important sources on this theme.
More informations »
Alpine part
CONTENTS:Preface
Introduction
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 1
Object, presentation, Alpine Part
Glossary (Slovene)
Short Glossary (English)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 1
...
Contours - parallelism: Buildings on plains are generally located beside traffic routes, bound to water, oriented to the sun or so that they provide the possibility of forming a functional courtyard. Parallelism and rectangularism do not play a special role in these elements: both types appear,withaslight prevalenceofparallel positioning.
When a complex of residential house and outbuildings occurs, they are normally set at right angles to each other: the residential house is usually parallel and the outbuildings at right angles to the contour, which enablesgreateruseof different levels (accesses).
...
More informations »
Northeast
CONTENTS:Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 2
Object, presentation, Alpine Part
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 2
...
Ramming:Ramming simplifies work, where the clay mixed sand and with water is poured between wooden boards, which are held together and the clay rammed.Compressing the material is important here, in order to squeeze out all the air and empty the 'nests', which reduce the bearing capacity of the construction.
Ramming: a/ mixing the chosen clay and straw b, c/ erecting the pannelling d/ pouring the clay into the pannelling e/ compressing, ramming:f/ completedwall.
Reinforcement is also needed with ramming. The commonest material for this is straw: anything fromfour to fifteen centimetres long. Itmaynot belongerbecauseof potential transmissionofmoisture. A clay wall is not particularly hard and does not have a particularly long lifespan: both problems are solved by regular maintenance: small cracks can be coated with clay. While construction is man's work, maintenance(andthus 'coating' mainlybyhand)work is in the care of the housewife,and thuswoman'swork.
...
More informations »
Central part
CONTENTS:Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
Object, presentation, Central part
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
...
Part 3, AS3 covers a good part of central Slovenia, a horizontal belt from the west towards the east, the characteristics of which differ from both north and south.
The introductory, theoretical part provides an important chapter on the essence of building: its content. This is the organisation of life and work, construction and functioning. This is the ground plan.
Theoretically, it starts with the centre and continues with a circle, with the circular addition of elements that enable functioning. In practical terms, the centre is the fire. In the west this is an open hearth but in most of Slovenia it is enclosed in a earthenware stove, around which life revolves in the 'house' as Slovenes call the central living room of a house. The most important element, though, is actually the kitchen, which developed around the external access to the stove, which allows a clean central space, without smoke, but pleasant and warm, for living, work and for sleeping. The addition of further rooms was only a matter of time and, of course, need.
The second half of the book presents variants of typical architecture by objects: from the dwellings of the owner and those of dependents through stock houses, threshing floors, granaries, drying houses, kozolci, mills and sawmills, to hunting towers and wind rattles.
Some details are sketched, but the major part of the book consists of photographs. These have GPS data attached, in the WGS 84 system, with a metre net, and the name of the location of each object is also mentioned.
...
More informations »
Southern hills
CONTENTS:Preface
Map of Slovenia
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
Object, presentation, Southern hills
Glossary (Slovene)
Index
Bibliography
Abstract, Auszug, Resume
Vernacular Architecture, Theory 3
...
For the fourth time – and I will again in the fifth book – I repeat the definition of vernacular architecture and the word 'vernacular'. Paul Oliver, an Oxford professor, the leading expert for this type of architecture, wrote in a book that he gave me in Ljubljana: (this architecture) 'was so little known we don't even have a word for it' (Oliver 2003: 11).
Vernacular architecture used to be called 'folk'. It was then shown, though, that it is not always 'of' folk and not always 'for' folk. It was called 'village' and 'rural' but villages sometimes have more of the 'urban' than some towns. It has been called 'native', even 'tribal', but there have long been neither natives nor tribes in Europe. These words have a hint of belittlement, diminution, above all today.
So 'vernacular architecture' is still the best expression.
The lower part of wooden parts – especially roofs and claddings – is most burdened because of the flow off of water, which collects and drips off.
This part is most problematic – because of drying and soaking it rots. The lifespan of each element thus depends on this, the most burdened part.
...
More informations »